What is the primary function of phloem in trees?

The primary function of phloem in trees is to transport sugars and nutrients produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant. This process is essential for the tree's growth and development because it distributes the energy source necessary for various metabolic processes throughout the plant, including the growth of new leaves, flowers, and fruits.

Phloem is specialized tissue made up of living cells that form a network for the bidirectional movement of these organic compounds. This transportation system is critical, especially in the spring when trees awaken from dormancy and begin to use the stored sugars to produce new growth.

The other options describe functions related to different plant tissues or processes. The transportation of water from roots to leaves is primarily the role of xylem, while minerals are taken up by roots from the soil and don't involve the phloem. Storing energy for winter is more closely associated with certain tissues, including parenchyma or specific storage organs, rather than the phloem itself, which is actively involved in the transport of nutrients rather than storage.